Biochemical and hormonal parameters of goats kept in a controlled environment consuming water with different levels of salinity / [Parâmetros bioquímicos e hormonais de caprinos consumindo água com diferentes níveis de salinidade mantidos em ambiente controlado]

The objective of this work was to evaluate the biochemical and hormonal variables of Moxotó and Canindé goats submitted to two temperatures - 26.0±0.6 (thermoneutral) and 32.0±1.2°C (above thermal comfort zone) - and consuming water with three levels of salinity (1.0, 6.0 and 12.0 dSm-1). Thirty-six animals (18 of each breed) were used, with an average age of 5.0±0.6months and an average weight of 20.0±2.3kg, housed in metabolic cages inside a climate chamber. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial scheme (2 breeds, 2 temperatures and 3 levels of salinity) and three replications. The glucose and urea had a significant effect (P>0.05) according to water salinity. Glucose, cholesterol, protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase and hormones (T4, T3 and cortisol) varied according to temperature (P<0.05). There was a significant effect of time on hormonal variables (P<0.05). Biochemical and hormonal variables changed according to temperature and day shift, so that metabolism was reduced in the animals under thermal stress and accelerated when animals were in the thermal comfort zone.(AU)

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as variáveis bioquímicas e hormonais de caprinos das raças Moxotó e Canindé, submetidos a duas temperaturas (26,0±0,6ºC e 32,0±1,2ºC), termoneutra e acima da zona de conforto térmico, respectivamente), consumindo água com três níveis de salinidade (1,0, 6,0 e 12,0dSm-1), utilizando-se 36 animais (18 de cada raça), com idade média de 5,0±0,6 meses e peso médio de 20,0±2,3kg, alojados em gaiolas metabólicas no interior de uma câmara climática. Os animais foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com esquema fatorial de 2 x 2 x 3 (2 raças, 2 temperaturas e 3 níveis de salinidade) e três repetições. A glicose e a ureia apresentaram efeito significativo (P<0,05) em função da salinidade da água. Glicose, colesterol, proteína, albumina, globulina, AST e hormônios (T4, T3 e cortisol) variaram conforme as temperaturas (P<0,05). Observou-se efeito significativo do horário sobre as variáveis hormonais (P<0,05). As variáveis bioquímicas e hormonais sofrem alterações em função da temperatura e do turno do dia, de modo que o metabolismo é reduzido em animais sob estresse térmico e acelerado quando os animais encontram-se na zona de conforto térmico.(AU)

In vitro effect of uremic serum on barrier function and inflammation in human colonocytes / Efeito in vitro do soro urêmico sobre a função de barreira e inflamação em colonócitos humanos

ABSTRACT Introduction: In chronic kidney disease (CKD), it has been suggested that alterations within the gut are associated with an inflammatory state and uremic toxicity. Studies suggest that uremia may impair the function of the intestinal barrier via the promotion of increased intestinal permeability. To understand the mechanisms that are involved in intestinal barrier damage in the setting of uremia, we evaluated the in vitro effect of uremic serum on transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), inflammation, and apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells (T84). Methods: Pools of serum from healthy individuals, patients not on dialysis, and patients on hemodialysis (Pre-HD and Post-HD) were prepared. T84 cells were incubated for 24 h in medium, of which 10% consisted of the pooled serum from each group. After incubation, the TER was measured and the following parameters were determined by flow cytometry: expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis. The level of IL-6 in the culture supernatant was determined by ELISA. Results: No difference was observed among the groups with respect to TER, apoptosis, and ROS or the expression of TLR-2, TLR-4, and TLR-9. IL-6 secretion was higher (p < 0.001) in cells that were incubated with pre- and post-HD serum. Conclusion: The results that were obtained from this model suggest that uremic serum per se does not seem to impair the integrity of intestinal epithelial cells. The increased IL-6 secretion by cells that were incubated with HD serum suggests a potential effect of uremia in the intestinal inflammatory response.

RESUMO Introdução: Tem sido sugerido que na doença renal crônica (DRC) a uremia pode causar alterações intestinais, tais como modificações na microbiota e danos à barreira intestinal, e que estas possíveis alterações podem ter uma relação importante com o estado inflamatório e a toxicidade urêmica apresentadas por pacientes com DRC. Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito in vitro do soro urêmico sobre a permeabilidade da monocamada de células epiteliais do intestino, inflamação e apoptose. Métodos: Pools de soro foram preparados a partir de soros de indivíduos saudáveis, pacientes em tratamento conservador e em hemodiálise (Pré e Pós-HD). As células T84 foram incubadas por 24 horas com os diferentes pools. Em seguida a TER foi medida e as células foram submetidas às seguintes análises: apoptose, produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) e expressão de receptores toll-like (TLR) por citometria de fluxo e detecção de IL-6 no sobrenadante da cultura por ELISA. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças, entre os grupos, com relação a TER, apoptose, EROs e expressão de TLR-2, TLR-4 e TLR-9. Já a secreção de IL-6 foi maior (p < 0,001) pelas células incubadas com soro pré-HD e pós-HD. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos a partir deste modelo sugerem que a uremia per se parece não comprometer a integridade das células epiteliais do intestino. O aumento da secreção de IL-6 pelas células incubadas com soro HD (pré e pós) sugere um potencial efeito da uremia sobre a resposta inflamatória intestinal.

La saturación venosa central de oxígeno es un factor predictor de mortalidad en el paciente con choque séptico / Central venous oxygen saturation is a predictor of mortality in patients with septic shock

Objetivo: determinar si la saturación venosa central de oxigeno inicial (SvCO2) anormal (alta o baja) es un factor predictor de mortalidad en los pacientes con choque séptico que ingresan al área critica de emergencia del hospital "Carlos Andrade Marín". Diseño y lugar: estudio analítico, observacional, prospectivo sobre una cohorte de pacientes que ingresaron al área crítica de emergencia de este hospital. Pacientes: 107 sujetos ingresaron en los meses de junio a septiembre del 2015, con seguimiento para la mortalidad a 28 días. Medidas y resultados: se midió la SvcO2 inicial a través de un catéter venoso central al momento del diagnóstico de choque. La mortalidad a los 28 días fue de 46,2%. Solo los valores de APACHE II (OR:1,11; IC: 1,04 a 1,19 p=< 0,01); la asistencia ventilatoria mecánica (OR:0,19; IC: 0,05 a 0,62, p=<0,01) tuvieron un valor estadístico significativo en regresión logística. APACHE II fue el factor individual más importante, en el modelo CART, el pH arterial y procalcitonina fueron útiles. Conclusiones: la saturación venosa central de O2 inicial (SvcO2) anormal alta o baja no mostró tener utilidad para predecir mortalidad a los 28 días. La medición de la SvcO2 es un método simple que refleja de manera indirecta la oxigenación tisular. El APACHE II es un predictor independiente de mortalidad a 28 días y la ventilación mecánica tuvo una relación inversa con la mortalidad. (AU)

Objective: to determine the central venous saturation of abnormal initial oxygen (SvCO2) (high or low) as a predictor of mortality in patients with septic shock admitted to the emergency area of Carlos Andrade Marín Hospital. Design and location: this is an analytical, observational, prospective study on a cohort of patients admitted to the critical area of emergency of this health unit. Subjects: 107 patients admitted in the months of June to September 2015, with a mortality follow-up of 28-day. Measurements and results: initial SvcO2 was measured by central venous catheter at the time of shock diagnosis. Mortality at 28 days was 46.2%. Only APACHE II values (OR 1.11, CI 1.04-1.19 p = <0.01) and mechanical ventilation (OR 0.19, CI 0.05-0.62, p = 0.01) had significant statistical value in the logistic regression. APACHE II was the most important single factor, in the CART model arterial pH and procalcitonin were useful. Conclusion: Central venous saturation of abnormal or high initial O2 (SvcO2) was not found to be useful in predicting mortality at 28 days of follow-up. Measurement of SvcO2 is a simple method that indirectly reflects tissue oxygenation. The APACHE II is an independent predictor of mortality at 28 days and the use of mechanical ventilation had an inverse relationship with mortality. (AU)

Time-dependent low-field MRI characteristics of canine blood: an in vitro study

This study was conducted to assess time-sensitive magnetic resonance (MR) changes in canine blood using low-field MR. Arterial and venous blood samples were collected from eight healthy beagle dogs. Samples were placed in 5-mL tubes and imaged within 3 hours of collection at 1 day intervals from day 1 to day 30. The following sequences were used: T1-weighted (T1W), T2-weighted (T2W), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), short tau inversion recovery (STIR), and T2-star gradient-echo (T2*-GRE). Visual comparison of the images revealed that four relatively homogenous blood clots and twelve heterogeneous blood clots developed. The margination of the clot and plasma changed significantly on day 2 and day 13. On day 2, heterogeneous blood clots were differentiated into 2 to 3 signal layers in the T2W, T1W, and especially the STIR images. Hypointense signal layers were also detected in the blood clots in STIR images, which have T2 hypo, FLAIR hypo, and T1 hyper intense signals. In all images, these signal layers remained relatively unchanged until day 13. Overall, the results suggest that hematomas are complex on low-field MRI. Accordingly, it may not be feasible to accurately characterize hemorrhages and predict clot age based on low-field MRI.

Soro urêmico inibe a expressão in vitro da quimiocina SDF-1: possível impacto da toxicidade urêmica na lesão endotelial / Uremic serum inhibits in vitro expression of chemokine SDF-1: impact of uremic toxicity on endothelial injury

Introdução: A disfunção endotelial é importante na patogênese da doença cardiovascular (DCV) relacionada à doença renal crônica (DRC). Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) é uma quimiocina que mobiliza células endoteliais progenitoras (EPC) e em conjunto com a interleucina-8 (IL-8) podem ser usadas como marcadores de reparo e lesão tecidual. Objetivo: Neste trabalho, foi investigado o efeito do meio urêmico na expressão de SDF-1 e IL-8 in vivo e in vitro. Métodos: A inflamação sistêmica foi avaliada por meio da proteína C-reativa (PCR) e interleucina-6 (IL-6). IL-8 e SDF-1 foram avaliados por ELISA como marcadores de disfunção endotelial e reparo tecidual, respectivamente. Os estudos in vitro foram realizados em células endoteliais umbilicais humanas (HUVEC) expostas ao meio urêmico ou saudável. Resultados: Foram incluídos nesse estudo 26 pacientes em hemodiálise (HD) (17 ± 3 meses em diálise, 52 ± 2 anos, 38% homens e 11% diabéticos). As concentrações séricas de PCR, IL-6, SDF-1 e IL-8 foram 4,9 ± 4,8 mg/ml, 6,7 ± 8,1 pg/ml, 2625,9 ± 1288,6 pg/ml e 128,2 ± 206,2 pg/ml, respectivamente. Houve correlação positiva entre PCR e IL-6 (ρ = 0,57; p < 0,005) e entre SDF-1 e IL-8 (ρ = 0,45; p < 0,05). Os resultados in vitro demonstraram que a expressão de SDF-1 pelas HUVEC após 6 horas de tratamento com meio urêmico é menor comparada ao tratamento com meio saudável (p < 0,05). Após 12 horas de tratamento, ocorreu aumento de IL-8 quando as HUVECs foram expostas ao meio urêmico (p < 0,005). Conclusão: Sugerimos que SDF-1 e IL-8 nos pacientes em HD podem ser usados para mensurar a extensão do dano e consequente ativação vascular na uremia. .

Introduction: Endothelial dysfunction is important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) related to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a chemokine which mobilizes endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and together with interleukin-8 (IL-8) may be used as markers of tissue injury and repair. Objective: This study investigated in vivo and in vitro the effect of uremic media on SDF-1 and IL-8 expression. Methods: Systemic inflammation was assessed by C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). IL-8 and SDF-1 were measured as markers of endothelial dysfunction and tissue repair, respectively, by ELISA. In vitro studies were performed on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to healthy or uremic media. Results: The study included 26 hemodialysis (HD) patients (17 ± 3 months on dialysis, 52 ± 2 years, 38% men and 11% diabetic). Serum concentrations of CRP, IL-6, SDF-1 and IL-8 were 4.9 ± 4.8 mg/ml, 6.7 ± 8.1 pg/ml, 2625.9 ± 1288.6 pg/ml and 128.2 ± 206.2 pg/ml, respectively. There was a positive correlation between CRP and IL-6 (ρ = 0.57, p < 0.005) and between SDF-1 and IL-8 (ρ = 0.45, p < 0.05). In vitro results showed that after 6 hours treatment, SDF-1 expression by HUVEC treated with uremic media is lower compared to cells treated with healthy media (p < 0.05). After 12 hours of treatment there was an increase in IL-8 when HUVECs were exposed to uremic media (p < 0.005). Conclusion: We suggest that SDF-1 and IL-8 in HD patients can be used to measure the extent of damage and subsequent vascular activation in uremia. .

Valor pronóstico de las isoenzimas de LDH en pacientes con linforma no hodgkin / Prognostic value of LDH isoenzymes in patients with non-Hodgkin linforma

La enzima lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH) es un factor pronóstico en Linfoma No Hodgkin (LNH). El objetivo del trabajo consistió en evaluar prospectivamente el valor pronóstico de las isoenzimas de LDH en pacientes con LNH. Se estudiaron 67 pacientes de primera consulta con diagnóstico de LNH, sin tratamiento previo, VIH negativo y sin otras enfermedades, tiempo promedio de seguimiento 30 meses (rango 3-48 meses). Las muestras de suero se recolectaron previas al tratamiento. La LDH total (LDHT) e isoenzimas de LDH se determinaron respectivamente por método cinético y electroforesis de proteínas en gel de agarosa. Se procesaron muestras de 122 controles sanos para establecer los valores de referencia de las isoenzimas de LDH. 49(73%) LNH agresivos y 18(27%) LNH indolentes y según el Índice Pronóstico Internacional (IPI), 60 (90%) bajo riesgo y 7(10%) alto riesgo. Las isoenzimas LDH1, LDH2, LDH3, LDH4 y LDH5 presentaron niveles absolutos significativamente elevados en 25 (37%), 29 (43%), 32 (48%), 20 (39%) y 11 (16%) de los casos respectivamente (p<0,0001). La actividad porcentual de LDH4 en los pacientes con LNH agresivos fue significativamente superior respecto al grupo de LNH indolentes (p=0,01). En el análisis univariado, valores absolutos elevados de LDH1 se asociaron significativamente con una sobrevida global disminuida (p=0,0064) en el grupo total de pacientes. LDH1 conservó su valor pronóstico aún en el grupo de pacientes con valores normales de LDHT (p=0,04). En pacientes con LNH agresivos, valores elevados de LDHT e IPI alto riesgo se asociaron significativamente con una menor sobrevida global (p<0,05). En el análisis multivariado la LDHT e IPI resultaron factores pronósticos independientes de la sobrevida. Alteraciones específicas del patrón de isoenzimas de LDH sugieren la relación de LDH4 con la biología del tumor y su actividad proliferativa en LNH agresivos y el valor pronóstico de LDH1 como factor adverso de la sobrevida en el análisis univariado.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a prognostic factor in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Our objective was to evaluate prospectively the prognostic value of LDH isoenzymes in patients with NHL. We studied 67 newly diagnosed NHL patients, previously untreated, HIV-negative and free from other disease, median follow-up of 30 month (range 3-48 month). Before starting treatment serum samples were collected for the determination of total LDH (LDHT) and LDH isoenzymes that were respectively assayed by kinetic method and protein electrophoresis in agarose gel. In order to set reference values of LDH isoenzymes samples from122 healthy controls were processed. Results: 49(73%) of the patients were aggressive NHL and 18(27%) indolent NHL and according to the International Prognostic Index (IPI), 60(90 %) low risk and 7(10%) high risk. High absolute values of LDH1, LDH2, LDH3, LDH4 and LDH5 isoenzymes were significantly elevated in 25 (37%), 29 (43%), 32 (48%), 20 (39%) and 11 (16%) of cases respectively (p<0,0001). The percentage value of LDH4 activity in aggressive NHL patients was significantly higher compared to indolent NHL group (p=0,01). In univariate analysis increased LDH1 absolute values were significantly associated with decreased overall survival in the total group of patients (p = 0.0064). LDH1 remained a prognostic factor for survival even when considering the group of patients with normal serum LDHT values (p = 0.04). In patients with aggressive NHL increased values of LDHT and high risk IPI were significantly associated with decreased overall survival (p<0.05). In a multivariate analysis LDHT and IPI score were independent prognostic factor for survival.

Experimental research and analysis on dielectric properties of blood in anemia mice / 生物医学工程学杂志

The conductivity and permittivity of blood in mice were measured by the AC electrical impedance method at frequency range of 0.1-100MHz, and then the changes of the Cole-Cole parameters of dielectric spectra of blood from phenylhydrazine-induced anemia mice were observed by numerical calculation and curve fitting residual analysis of the Cole-Cole equation. The results showed that hematocrit (Hct) of the mice with phenylhydrazine injection was significantly reduced; the permittivity(epsilon) spectroscopy of blood moved to the low insulating region and its permittivity decreased; conductivity (kappa) spectrum curve of blood moved to the high conductivity zone and conductivity increased; the 2nd characteristic frequency was lower than that in the normal group. There was phenylhydrazine dose dependent in the changes of the Cole-Cole parameters of dielectric spectra of blood.

Profile of cortisol, glycaemia, and blood parameters of American Bullfrog tadpoles Lithobates catesbeianus exposed to density and hypoxia stressors / Perfil de cortisol, glicemia, e parâmetros sanguineos de girinos de rã-touro Lithobates catesbeianus expostos a diferentes densidades e hipóxia

The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations to the physiological profile (cortisol, glycaemia, and blood parameters) of Lithobates catesbeianus caused by the stressors density and hypoxia. The organisms were in the prometamorphosis stage and exposed to different tadpole densities: 1 tadpole/L (T1), 5 tadpoles/L (T2), and 10 tadpoles/L (T3) for 12 days. The blood was collected through the rupture of the caudal blood vessel and collected under normoxia (immediate collection) and hypoxia (after 15 minutes of air exposure) conditions. Cortisol levels rose on the fourth and eighth days of treatment and returned to basal levels by the end of the experiment. The stressor mechanisms tested did not affect glycaemia. White blood cells (total number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils) showed a significant difference at the twelfth day of the experiment when compared with the start of the experiment. We concluded that, under controlled conditions, a density of up to 10 tadpoles/L and air exposure for 15 minutes did not cause harmful physiological alterations during the experimental period. The answer to these stressors maybe was in another hormonal level (corticosterone).(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta fisiológica (cortisol, glicemia e parâmetros sanguineos) de girinos de rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus) em diferentes densidades e após exposição aérea. Os animais utilizados no experimento estavam entre os estágios 31 a 39, na fase de pró-metamorfose sendo testados 1 girino/L (Tratamento 1), 5 girinos/L (Tratamento 2) e 10 girinos/L (Tratamento 3), conduzidos em 3 réplicas simultâneas durante 12 dias. O sangue foi retirado por rompimento do vaso caudal na condição de Normóxia - N (tempo zero) e Hipóxia - H (tempo de 15 minutos de exposição ao ar). Foi observado um aumento nos valores de cortisol, aos 4 e 8 dias de exposição aérea retornando aos valores basais ao final do experimento, apesar de não haver diferenças significativas. A glicemia não apresentou diferenças significativas quanto aos estressores aplicados. Os parâmetros hematológicos da série branca, principalmente, o número de linfócitos, neutrófilos e eosinófilos mostraram diferença significativa aos 12 dias de experimentação quando comparados com o momento zero; concluindo-se que, em condições controladas, o adensamento de até 10 girinos/litro e a exposição aérea por 15 minutos não apresentou danos aos girinos de rã-touro durante o período experimental. O padrão de resposta a estes estímulos talvez seja expresso em outro nível hormonal (corticosterona).(AU)

Do hematologic constituents really increase due to endurance exercise in horses? / O exercício de resistência realmente leva ao aumento dos constituintes sanguíneos em equinos?

The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of blood constituents in a group of horses that successfully completed long endurance rides in tropical conditions. Jugular vein puncture was done to collect blood before, during and after rides. Data were analyzed using a mathematic approach, based on the hematocrit and blood volume where the percentual change in plasma volume was used to correct the values of each variable analyzed. Significance was inferred when P<0.05. The proposed mathematical model to assess blood constituents concentrations allowed the observation of a different pattern of the variables behavior, pointing out that the approach followed by the authors could be more sensitive than ones that did not take this routine. In conclusion, the method used in this study enabled to monitor the physiological processes that actually occur during endurance effort in tropical conditions.

Este estudo objetivou avaliar o comportamento dos componentes do sangue em cavalos que concluiram com êxito provas de enduro em condições tropicais. Punção da veia jugular foi realizada para coletar o sangue antes, durante e após o evento. Os dados foram analisados por meio de uma abordagem matemática, com base no hematócrito e volume de sangue onde a variação percentual no volume plasmático foi utilizada para corrigir os valores de cada variável analisada. O nível de significância adotado foi P<0,05. O modelo matemático proposto para avaliar as concentrações de componentes do sangue permitiu a observação de um padrão diferente no comportamento de várias variáveis plasmáticas, destacando que a abordagem seguida pelos autores é mais sensível do que aquelas que não seguiram este procedimento. Em conclusão, o método utilizado neste estudo permitiu acompanhar os processos fisiológicos que realmente ocorrem durante o esforço de resistência em condições tropicais.

Trypanocidal activity of human plasma on Trypanosoma evansi in mice / Atividade tripanocida do plasma humano sobre Trypanosoma evansi em camundongos

This study aimed to test an alternative protocol with human plasma to control Trypanosoma evansi infection in mice. Plasma from an apparently 27-year-old healthy male, blood type A+, was used in the study. A concentration of 100 mg.dL-1 apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) was detected in the plasma. Forty mice were divided into four groups with 10 animals each. Group A comprised uninfected animals. Mice from groups B, C and D were inoculated with a T. evansi isolate. Group B was used as a positive control. At three days post-infection (DPI), the mice were administered intraperitoneally with human plasma. A single dose of 0.2 mL plasma was given to those in group C. The mice from group D were administered five doses of 0.2 mL plasma with a 24 hours interval between the doses. Group B showed high increasing parasitemia that led to their death within 5 DPI. Both treatments eliminated parasites from the blood and increased the longevity of animals. An efficacy of 50 (group C) and 80% (group D) of human plasma trypanocidal activity was found using PCR. This therapeutic success was likely achieved in the group D due to their higher levels of APOL1 compared with group C.

Este estudo teve como objetivo testar um protocolo alternativo com plasma humano para controlar a infecção por Trypanosoma evansi em camundongos. O plasma foi oriundo de um homem aparentemente saudável, com idade entre 27 anos e tipo de sangue A+. Foi detectada uma concentração de 100 mg.dL -1 de apolipoproteína L1 (APOL1) no plasma. Quarenta camundongos foram divididos em quatro grupos, contendo dez animais cada. Grupo A, composto de animais não infectados. Os roedores dos grupos B, C e D foram inoculados intraperitonealmente com um isolado de T. evansi. O Grupo B foi usado como um controle positivo. Três dias pós-infecção (DPI), os camundongos foram tratados com plasma humano. Uma dose única de 0,2 mL de plasma foi administrada nos roedores do grupo C. Os ratos do grupo D receberam cinco doses de 0,2 mL de plasma em intervalos de 24 horas. Os ratos do grupo B apresentaram parasitemia crescente, o que ocasionou a morte dos animais em 5 DPI. Ambos os tratamentos foram capazes de eliminar o parasito do sangue e aumentar a longevidade dos animais. O método da PCR detectou uma eficácia de 50% (grupo C) e 80% (grupo D) no tratamento com plasma humano. Este sucesso terapêutico obtido nos animais do grupo D provavelmente foi por receber maiores níveis de APOL1, comparado ao grupo C.

Electrical impedance spectroscopy for evaluation of the influence of simulated weightlessness on the electrical properties of rat blood / 生物医学工程学杂志

In the present study, the AC impedance of rat blood was measured with Agilent 4294A impedance analyzer in the frequency range of 10(4)-10(8) Hz, and the effect of simulated weightlessness (SWL)on electrical properties of rat blood was investigated by analyzing the data characteristics with the use of electrical impedance spectroscopy, the Bode diagram, the Nyquist diagram and the Nichols diagram. The results demonstrated 60 days SWL caused some changes: (1) the electrical impedance of rat blood were reduced, mainly in the real part of complex impedance (Z'o and Z'infinity), the electrical impedance modulus amplitude (|Z*|o and |Z*|infinity), the impedance relaxation strength (deltaZ', delta|Z*|) and the logarithm of impedance modulus amplitude at low frequency (Log |Z*|o) were lower than that in the control (CON) group; (2) the characteristic frequency of the electrical impedance spectrum of rat blood and the phase angle were increases, mainly in the characteristic frequency (fc1, fc2) and the phase angle [theta(p) (degree), theta(p) (radian)] increased compared with that in the CON group. These data indicate that SWL leads to reduced resistivity and enhanced conductivity of blood.

The effects of infrasound on the blood coagulation function of guinea pigs / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the change of the blood coagulation function of guinea pigs exposed to 16 Hz/120 dB, 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound and to explore the mechanism of circulation system damage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-two guinea pigs were divided into 3 groups: the control group, the group exposed to 16 Hz/120 dB infrasound for 1.5 h a day and the group exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 1.5 h a day. Each exposure group was divided into 4 sub-groups (8 guinea pigs a sub-group) which were exposed to infrasound for 1, 7, 14 and 21 d, respectively. The coagulation function and serum nitric oxide (NO) were measured for control group and all sub-groups after exposure to infrasound.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR) and serum NO of group exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound were (31.16 ± 3.05) s, 2.53 ± 1.21 and (88.304 ± 52.601) µmol/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those [(21.36 ± 0.10) s, 1.65 ± 0.07 and (30.943 ± 26.864) µmol/L] of control group (P < 0.05). PT and INR of sub-groups exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 14 and 21 d were significantly higher than those of control group. NO of sub-groups exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 1 week and 2 weeks were significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.05), but NO of sub-group exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 3 weeks decreased slightly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The blood coagulation function of guinea pigs exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound decreased, PT and INR may be used as the indexes to assess of blood coagulation function change induced by the infrasound exposure.</p>

The correlation analysis between dielectric parameters and haematological parameters in whole blood cell / 生物医学工程学杂志

We have measured the AC impedances of blood samples from 30 healthy adults with the Agilent 4294A impedance analyzer at frequency ranging 0.01-100MHz. At the same time, we measured the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hematocrit (HCT), plasma fibrinogen (FIB), blood glucose (BG) and D-dimer. Then we analyzed the correlation between ESR and dielectric parameters of blood by linear correlation analysis, and used multiple regression analysis to reveal the influence of these hematological data on dielectric spectral characteristics of whole blood cell when these data were available. Statistical analysis showed that ESR had a linear correlation with the part of dielectric parameters in whole blood cell. The Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that HCT and BG had an influence on dielectric spectral characteristics of human whole blood cell, and HCT was the major factor in haematological parameters that influenced dielectric spectral characteristics of whole blood cell.

Parâmetros hematológicos do roedor fossorial Ctenomys lami (Rodentia, Ctenomidae) no estado do Rio Grande do Sul / Hematological parameters of fossorial rodent Ctenomys lami (Rodentia, Ctenomidae) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

O perfil hematológico sanguíneo foi determinado em três populações de Ctenomys lami, em áreas denominadas A e B, impactadas pela bovinocultura, e C, sem impacto antrópico, ambas no sul do Brasil. Sessenta e dois animais foram coletados ao total. Os valores de hematócrito (Ht), hemoglobina (Hb) e eritrócitos apresentaram diferenças significativas entre machos e fêmeas. Os valores médios de Ht e a Hb encontrados na espécie foram mais baixos em comparação com os de outras espécies de roedores subterrâneos, podendo estes valores estarem relacionados ao habitat de forrageio ou às características do solo. Também foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas médias de hemoglobina, CHCM e linfócitos em animais das áreas A e B em relação à área C. O valor da média dos hematócritos dos animais entre as áreas foi mais elevado nas áreas A e B, porém significativamente diferentes entre A e C. Algumas dessas alterações sugerem a relação dos valores encontrados com o estresse dos animais em relação a áreas impactadas. Variações significativas no VCM foram encontradas entre os animais das áreas A e C, e também nas plaquetas destes entre as áreas A e B. Não foram observados Corpúsculo de Kurloff no sangue dos animais analisados. Os valores hematológicos encontrados nesses espécimes de Ctenomys lami fornecem informações importantes sobre a espécie e podem ser úteis em outras pesquisas.

The hematological profile was determined in three populations of Ctenomys lami that inhabits three different areas nominated as A and B, affected by cattle production, and C, without human impact, all of them in southern Brazil, under the same geologic formation. Sixty two individuals were collected. The packed cell volume (PCV) values, hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cell (RBC) count presents statistic significant differences between males and females. PCV and Hb values were lower in comparison with other subterranean rodents, which could be related to the food searching behavior or soil characteristic of the species. Significant statistic differences were found to for Hb, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and lymphocytes between animals belonging to A and C areas. The PCV values were higher for animals from areas A and B, with significance only between A and C. Some of these alterations may suggest a modification on stress levels of the animals inhabiting areas A and B with anthropic alterations, or maybe just an inherited characteristic. Significant statistic differences were found either in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) between A and C areas, and platelets between A and B areas. No Kurloff cells were observed in the blood smear from analyzed individuals. The hematological values founded for Ctenomys lami are an important information for this species, which can be used for future research and management.

Transcriptoma e proteoma em sangue periférico na busca de novos marcadores de doenças cardiovasculares / Transcriptomic and proteomic of peripheral blood as approaches to biomarkers cardiovascular discovers

INTRODUÇÃO: A principal manifestação clínica da doença aterosclerótica é o infarto agudo do miocárdio, caracterizada como emergência médica, que necessita de diagnóstico correto, rápido, preciso e terapia eficaz. Os estudos de transcriptoma e proteoma possibilitam obter informações que nos permite compreender de forma mais abrangente a evolução fisiopatológica das doenças, sendo as cardiovasculares particularmente favorecidas por terem etiologia multifatorial e sem dúvida multigênica, portanto a utilização destas ferramentas num modelo de doença aguda pode auxiliar, de forma singular, na obtenção de novas informações, tais como novos marcadores precoces de injúria. OBJETIVO: Identificar novos biomarcadores de doenças cardiovasculares através da análise do perfil de expressão de RNAm de células do sangue periférico e proteínas plasmáticas de pacientes com SCA. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: É um estudo caso-controle de pacientes com SCA recrutados no Pronto-Socorro do Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia. Foram recrutados 84 indivíduos com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda (SCA), 47 indivíduos sem doença cardiovascular (grupo controle), de ambos os sexos com idade entre 30 a 65 anos, atendidos no Instituto Dante Pazzanese do Estado de São Paulo - Brasil. A avaliação de expressão gênica global de 10 pacientes e 6 controles (pareados) durante as primeiras 48 h após o IAM foi realizada através dos microarranjos de DNA (sistema Affymetrix) e a análise de plasma por separação em sistema de microarranjos (ProteinChip®), seguida da identificação e quantificação por espectrometria de massa, em sistema SELDI-TOF/MS. Os resultados de microarranjo de DNA foram validados tecnicamente (a partir das mesmas amostras processadas por microarranjo de DNA) e, posteriormente validados biologicamente (a partir das outras amostras não processadas por microarranjo de DNA) através da PCR em tempo real. RESULTADOS: Foram observados ao total 599 genes diferentemente expressos nas primeiras 48 h...

BACKGROUND: The main clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis is the acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which is a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and efficient therapy. The transcriptomic and proteomic approaches are both powerful tools for the study of AMI and may be instrumental to identify news biomarkers involved in the inflammatory and apoptotic process of cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the gene expression of RNAm and protein in blood cells following an AMI to identify new biomarkers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: For this study eighty four patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and forty seven control individuals were selected among patients of the Instituto Dante Pazzanese, São Paulo state, Brazil. A global gene expression profile by GeneChip® Exon 1.0 ST Array (Affymetrix) and proteomic plasma profile by ProteinChip® Biomarker System and SELDI-TOF/MS were evaluated for ten patients from the ACS group and six from the control group. These patients were followed up for the first 48 h following the AMI. The genes differently expressed by microarray analysis were submitted to technical (same casuistic) and biologic (new casuistic) validation by PCR real time. RESULTS: 599 genes were differentially expressed at the first 48 h after AMI. Thirty-three genes were selected and submitted to the technical validation, and 20 were subjected to biological validation by real time PCR afterwards. The validated ones were: ALOX15, Areg, BCL2A1, BCL2L1, CA1, COX7B, ECDHC3, KCNE1, IL18R1, IRS2, MYL4, MMP9 and TREML4. At proteomic analysis, 479 peaks of plasma proteins differentially expressed were identified. 16 peaks were considered as high potentially biomarkers. Their molecular weight was between 6386.5 Da and 17807.7 Da. CONCLUSION: Results from this study were able to identify changes in gene and protein profiles in the plasma, and suggest new markers for evaluation of acute coronary syndrome and...

Separación de poblaciones de glóbulos rojos senescentes por gradientes preformados de Percoll / Separation of populations of senescent red blood cells by Percoll performed gradients

Los mecanismos que determinan la senescencia de los eritrocitos han sido extensamente estudiados, sin embargo, no se han logrado conclusiones definitivas debido a la ausencia de una técnica que permita el aislamiento de grupos etáreos bien definidos. Los métodos más comúnmente empleados se basan en el aumento de densidad de los eritrocitos durante el envejecimiento. En este trabajo desarrollamos una técnica para la separación de glóbulos rojos de distintas edades empleando gradientes preformados de Percoll, un polímero sintético con propiedades fisicoquímicas adecuadas para trabajar con células vivas. En las suspensiones eritrocitarias obtenidas se realizaron determinaciones hematológicas, actividades de enzimas antioxidantes y el ensayo de eritrofagocitosis. Los valores de los parámetros hematológicos evaluados fueron significativamente mayores en las suspensiones de glóbulos rojos jóvenes. Las actividades enzimáticas mostraron una disminución de la capacidad antioxidante en las poblaciones de eritrocitos senescentes. Este proceso favorecería la interacción de los hematíes envejecidos con las células fagocíticas, demostrada median­te el ensayo de eritrofagocitosis. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el método de gradientes de Percoll permite una adecuada separación de las suspensiones eritrocitarias de distintas edades, con una eficiencia comparable a la observada en la técnica de centrifugación diferencial considerada de referencia.

The mechanisms that determine the senescence of the erythrocytes have been extensively studied; however. definitive conclusions have not been achieved mainly because of the lack of a technique that allows the isolation of well-defined etarian groups. The methods most commonly used for separating erythrocytes from different ages are based on the increase in density that these cells present during their aging. In the present work we have developed a technique for obtaining red blood cells from different ages using Percoll preformed gradients, a synthetic polymer with adequate physic-chemic properties to work with lives cells. In the erythrocytes suspensions we have made hematological determinations. activities of antioxidants enzymes and the essay of erythrophagocytosis. The values of the hematological parameters were significantly higher in the suspensions of young red blood cells. In the measurements of the enzymatic activity we observed a decrease of the antioxidant capacity in the populations of senescent erythrocytes. This process would promote the interaction between the old erythrocytes and the phagocyte cells, demonstrated by the erythrophagocytosis essay. The results obtained indicate that the method Percoll density gradients allows an appropriate separation of the erythrocytes suspensions of different ages with a comparable efficiency to that observed in the technique differential centrifugation, considered as reference.